Xantrex Technology Power Supply PROwatt 1000 User Manual

PROwatt 1000 Inverter  
Owner’s Guide  
 
About This Guide  
Purpose  
The PROwatt 1000 Inverter Owners Guide contains information that  
enables individuals to install, operate, and troubleshoot the  
PROwatt™ 1000 Inverter.  
Scope  
The guide provides safety guidelines, detailed information for designing  
an installation, procedures for installing the inverter, as well as  
information about operating and troubleshooting the unit. It does not  
provide details about particular brands of batteries. You need to consult  
individual battery manufacturers for this information.  
Audience  
The guide is intended for anyone who needs to install and operate the  
Prowatt 1000. Installers should be certified technicians or electricians.  
Organization  
This guide is organized into five chapters, four appendixes, and an  
index.  
Chapter 1, “Introduction”, outlines the main performance and safety  
features of the Prowatt 1000. Reading this chapter will give you a  
clear understanding of the inverter’s capabilities.  
Chapter 2, “PROwatt 1000 Features”, outlines the main physical  
features of the inverter and the components that are shipped with it.  
This chapter will give you a good orientation to the product before  
you install it.  
iii  
 
About This Guide  
Chapter 3, Installation, begins by explaining how to plan an  
effective installation. (Read this chapter in conjunction with  
Appendix B and Appendix C.) It goes on to give detailed procedures  
for installing the inverter.  
Chapter 4, Operation, provides information for turning on and  
operating the inverter. Details are provided about how to read the  
front panel indicators to monitor system performance. The chapter  
also provides information about battery charging frequency and  
routine maintenance.  
Chapter 5, Troubleshooting, explains how to solve problems that  
can occur with the inverter.  
Appendix A, Specifications, provides electrical, physical, and  
performance specifications for the inverter and physical  
specifications for the remote On/Off switch.  
Appendix B, Battery Types and Sizes, provides background  
information about battery types as well as information that will help  
you calculate the size and number of batteries your system requires.  
Appendix C, Alternators and Charging Systems, describes the  
components in charging systems and explains how to design a  
charging system for your installation.  
Appendix D, Product and System Information, contains the  
products warranty, explains how to return a product for service, and  
describes how to prepare for a call to Xantrex Customer Service.  
The Index provides a valuable means of looking up specific  
information topics and tasks.  
iv  
 
About This Guide  
Conventions Used  
The following conventions are used in this guide.  
WARNING  
Warnings identify conditions that could result in personal  
injury or loss of life.  
CAUTION  
Cautions identify conditions or practices that could result in  
damage to the Prowatt 1000 or other equipment.  
Note: Notes describe additional information which may add to your  
understanding of how to use the inverter.  
Related Information  
You can find more information about Xantrex Technology Inc. as well  
as its products and services at www.xantrex.com  
v
 
   
vi  
 
Important Safety Information  
WARNING  
Before installing and using your Prowatt 1000, be sure to read  
and save these safety instructions.  
General Precautions  
of this guide as well as all instructions and cautionary markings on  
the inverter and the batteries.  
2. Do not operate the inverter if it has received a sharp blow, been  
dropped, or otherwise damaged. If the unit is damaged, see  
Warrantyon page D2 and Return Material Authorization  
Policyon page D3.  
3. Do not dismantle the inverter; it contains no user-serviceable  
components. Attempting to service the unit yourself could cause  
electrical shock or fire. Internal capacitors remain charged after  
all power is disconnected.  
4. To reduce the risk of electrical shock, disconnect AC and DC power  
from the inverter before working on any circuits connected to the  
inverter. Turning off controls will not reduce this risk.  
5. Do not expose the inverter to rain, snow, spray, or bilge water.  
6. To reduce the risk of overheating or fire, do not obstruct the  
ventilation openings, and do not install the inverter in a zero-  
clearance compartment.  
Explosive Gas Precautions  
1. Batteries generate explosive gases during normal operation. Be sure  
you read this guide and all battery documentation and follow all  
instructions exactly before installing or using your inverter.  
2. This equipment contains components which tend to produce arcs or  
sparks. To prevent fire or explosion, do not install the inverter in  
compartments containing batteries or flammable materials or in  
vii  
 
                   
Important Safety Information  
locations that require ignition-protected equipment. These locations  
include any space containing gasoline-powered machinery, fuel  
tanks, as well as joints, fittings, or other connections between  
components of the fuel system.  
Precautions When Working With Batteries  
1. Follow all instructions published by the battery manufacturer and  
the manufacturer of the equipment in which the battery is installed.  
2. Make sure the area around the battery is well ventilated.  
3. Never smoke or allow a spark or flame near the engine or batteries.  
4. Use caution to reduce the risk of dropping a metal tool on the  
battery. It could spark or short circuit the battery or other electrical  
parts and could cause an explosion.  
5. Remove metal items like rings, bracelets, and watches when  
working with lead-acid batteries. Lead-acid batteries produce a  
short-circuit current high enough to weld a ring or the like to metal,  
and thus cause a severe burn.  
6. If you need to remove a battery, always remove the positive  
terminal from the battery first. Make sure all accessories are off so  
you dont cause an arc.  
Precautions For Using Rechargeable Appliances  
Most battery-operated equipment uses a separate charger or transformer  
that is plugged into an AC receptacle and produces a low voltage output.  
If the label on the AC adapter or charger states that the adapter or  
charger produces a low voltage AC or DC output (less than 30 volts),  
the Prowatt 1000 can power this charger or adapter safely.  
Some chargers for small nickel-cadmium batteries can be damaged if  
connected to the Prowatt 1000. Do not use the following with the  
Prowatt 1000:  
Small battery-operated appliances like flashlights, razors, and night  
lights that can be plugged directly into an AC receptacle to recharge  
Chargers for battery packs used in hand power tools. These chargers  
display a warning label stating that dangerous voltages are present  
at the battery terminals.  
viii  
 
                         
Contents  
Important Safety Information  
1 Introduction  
3 Installation  
Overview of Installation Steps - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 33  
Designing Your Installation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 34  
Calculating Battery Requirements - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 34  
Choosing a Charging System- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 34  
Choosing a Location- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 35  
ix  
 
Contents  
Installing Transfer Switches in AC Circuits - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 38  
Installing the Remote On/Off Switch- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 310  
Grounding Locations - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 311  
4 Operation  
Turning the Inverter On and Off - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 42  
Operating Several Loads at Once - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 42  
Inverter Loads - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 46  
Routine Maintenance - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 47  
5 Troubleshooting  
Common Problems- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 52  
Buzz in Audio Equipment- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 52  
x
 
Contents  
B Battery Types and Sizes  
Battery Sizing Worksheet - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - B5  
Using Multiple Batteries - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - B6  
Using a Standard Vehicle Alternator- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - C2  
Using an Alternator Controller - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - C3  
Warranty - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - D2  
Return Material Procedure- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - D3  
Information About Your System- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - D4  
Remote On/Off Switch Mounting Template - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - D5  
Index - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - IX–1  
xi  
 
 
Introduction  
1
Congratulations on your purchase of the  
PROwatt 1000 Inverter! As part of the PROwatt  
Inverter family, the PROwatt 1000 has been  
designed to give you quality power, ease of use,  
and outstanding reliability.  
Please take a few moments to read this chapter to  
familiarize yourself with the PROwatt 1000s  
main performance and protection features.  
 
     
Introduction  
Quality Power  
The Prowatt 1000 is a professional-quality, mid-range inverter designed  
to handle a variety of applications including compact microwaves, TVs,  
VCRs, coffee makers, and small power tools.  
The Prowatt 1000 provides up to 1000 watts of continuous power,  
making it ideal for large single loads, intermittent loads, or multiple  
smaller loads.  
The inverters high surge capability lets you handle many hard-to-  
start loads, including large TVs, refrigerators, and freezers.  
The units low standby battery demand means you dont have to  
worry about excessive drain on your battery if you leave the inverter  
on for a few days. When the inverter is on but no power is being  
supplied to a load, the inverter draws less than 300 mA from the  
battery.  
For more efficient power use, the fan shuts down automatically when  
no loads are attached to the inverter.  
Ease of Use  
Superior features and rugged durability have been combined with extreme  
ease of use:  
The unit is compact, light weight, and easy to install.  
You can power loads directly from the dual GFCI receptacles on the  
front panel, or you can hardwire the unit into an existing AC electrical  
system using the built-in terminal blocks.  
Easy-to-read indicators on the front panel let you monitor system  
performance at a glance.  
The remote On/Off switch lets you control the inverter from a  
convenient locationup to 20 feet (6 m) awaywhile the inverter  
itself is mounted out of sight and close to the batteries.  
1–2  
 
     
Comprehensive Protection  
Comprehensive Protection  
The Prowatt 1000 is equipped with numerous protection features to  
guarantee safe and trouble-free operation:  
Low battery alarm Alerts you if the battery has become discharged to  
10.7 V or lower.  
Low voltage shutdown Automatically shuts the inverter down if the  
battery voltage drops below 10 V. This feature protects the battery from  
being completely discharged.  
High voltage shutdown Shuts the inverter down automatically if the  
input voltage rises to 15 V or more.  
Overload shutdown Shuts the unit down automatically if a short  
circuit occurs or if the loads attached to the inverter exceed the operating  
limits.  
Over temperature shutdown Turns the inverter off if its temperature  
rises above an acceptable level.  
GFCI protection De-energizes the AC circuits and thereby protects the  
user from electric shock if a ground fault occurs.  
1–3  
 
           
1–4  
 
PROwatt 1000  
Features  
2
Chapter 2 describes the main features of the  
Prowatt 1000. Xantrex recommends that you  
familiarize yourself with them before installing  
and operating the inverter.  
 
     
PROwatt 1000 Features  
Materials List  
Your Prowatt 1000 package includes:  
1 PROwatt 1000 Inverter  
1 Remote On/Off switch and a 20 foot (6 m) communications cable  
1 Owners Guide  
If any of these materials are missing or are unsatisfactory in any way,  
please contact Customer Service:  
Phone: 1-800-670-0707  
Fax:  
1-800-994-7828  
As soon as you unpack your inverter, be sure to record the product  
information asked for on page D4.  
2–2  
 
                       
Front Panel (AC End)  
Front Panel (AC End)  
Figure 2-1 Front Panel: AC End  
Feature Description  
Remote Control Jack Located on the bottom of the inverter. It  
allows you to connect the remote On/Off switch.  
On/Off Switch This switch turns the inverters control circuit on and  
off. It is not a power disconnect switch. You must disconnect AC and  
DC power before working on any circuits connected to the inverter.  
OVER LOAD Indicator This indicator lights when the inverter shuts  
down because of an AC overload or a short circuit.  
OVER TEMP Indicator This indicator lights when the inverter shuts  
down to protect itself from overheating. When the inverter cools, it  
restarts automatically, and the indicator turns off.  
VOLTS and AMPS Indicators These display battery voltage and  
current.  
Current should be in the green area for continuous operation.  
When current is in the yellow area, the inverter will operate for  
several minutes.  
When current or voltage are in the red, the inverter shuts down.  
AC Outlet Delivers 1000 watts of continuous AC power. This is a  
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) outlet.  
Mounting Flanges  
2–3  
 
                           
PROwatt 1000 Features  
Back Panel (DC End)  
DesignedinCanada  
AssembledinChina  
Figure 2-2 Back Panel: DC End  
Feature Description  
Ventilation Openings For safety and proper operation of the  
inverter, these openings (and the openings on the bottom of the  
inverter) must not be obstructed. When the inverter is mounted,  
these ventilation openings must not point up or down. In other  
words, neither the front panel (AC end) nor the back panel (DC end)  
should point up or down.  
Knockout for AC Wiring Provides access to the internal AC output  
terminal blocks if you want to connect the inverter to an existing AC  
circuit.  
Chassis Ground Screw Connects to earth ground, to vehicle  
chassis, or to DC grounding bus or engines negative bus (in marine  
installations).  
Positive and Negative DC Cabling Terminals  
2–4  
 
                 
Remote On/Off Switch  
Remote On/Off Switch  
REMOTE SW ITCH  
INVERTER ON  
Figure 2-3 Remote On/Off Switch  
Feature Description  
Switch Panel The 2 1/2 inch wide x 4 1/4 inch high (6.35 cm x  
10.80 cm) panel mounts flush and requires 0.7 inches (18 mm) of  
depth. See page 310 for installation instructions and Figure D-1  
on page D5 for a mounting template.  
Cable and Connector The cable (20 feet; 6 m) is permanently  
attached to the back of the switch. The connector plugs into the jack  
on the bottom of the inverter.  
INVERTER ON indicator Lights up when the inverter is on.  
Touch Control On/Off Button  
2–5  
 
           
2–6  
 
Installation  
3
Chapter 3 explains how to install the  
Prowatt 1000.  
Xantrex recommends that you read the entire  
chapter so you can plan an installation that is  
suited to your power needs and then complete the  
installation procedures.  
 
     
Installation  
Safety Instructions  
Before you start to install the PROwatt 1000:  
Review the Important Safety Informationon page vii.  
Do not attempt your own AC wiring unless you have the knowledge  
and experience to do a safe job. Your RV dealer, boat dealer, or a  
licensed electrician can install the inverter if you do not wish to do  
your own wiring.  
Read and follow all Warnings and Cautions in this chapter.  
Installation Codes  
Governing installation codes vary depending on the location and type of  
installation. Electrical installations must meet local and national wiring  
codes and should be done by a qualified electrician.  
Installation Tools and Materials  
Tools  
Wire stripper  
Flat-head screwdriver  
Wrench(es) for DC terminals  
Tools for fastening lugs and terminals on DC cables (e.g. a crimping  
tool). (You may find it more convenient to have the crimp connectors  
attached by the company that sells you the cable.)  
Drill  
Materials  
4 corrosion-resistant fasteners sized #10 or larger for mounting the  
inverter  
Copper DC cable, sized appropriately for load and application  
Lugs and terminals for the DC cables  
3–2  
 
                 
Overview of Installation Steps  
DC fuses and fuse holders  
AC cable (2-conductor-plus-ground cable), sized appropriately for  
load and application (if you are connecting to an existing AC circuit)  
1/2 inch cable clamp (if connecting to an existing AC circuit)  
AC transfer switch (if connecting to an existing AC circuit that also  
uses power from another AC source)  
Appropriately sized copper cable for the chassis ground  
Battery isolator (if connecting to a multiple-battery system)  
Battery selector switch*  
Alternator controller*  
High-output alternator*  
* Consult Appendix B and Appendix C to determine whether you need  
these components.  
Overview of Installation Steps  
Installing the PROwatt 1000 is straightforward. Heres a summary of the  
seven main steps:  
1. Design the installation: calculate battery capacity and charging  
requirements.  
2. Choose a location.  
3. Connect to an existing AC circuit (if required).  
4. Install the remote On/Off switch.  
5. Mount the inverter.  
6. Connect the chassis ground.  
7. Connect the DC cables.  
3–3  
 
                 
Installation  
Designing Your Installation  
Before doing anything else, you need to determine how you are going to  
use your PROwatt 1000, and on the basis of that, design a power system  
that will give you maximum performance. The more thorough your  
planning, the better your power needs will be met. In particular, you need  
to:  
Calculate your battery requirements  
Choose an effective charging system  
Calculating Battery Requirements  
Battery type and battery size strongly affect the performance of the  
inverter will be powering and how much you will be using them between  
charges. Once you know how much power you will be using, you can  
determine how much battery capacity you need. Xantrex recommends  
that you purchase as much battery capacity as possible.  
Consult Appendix B Battery Types and Sizesfor a detailed explanation  
of how to determine the appropriate number and size of batteries for your  
needs.  
CAUTION  
The PROwatt 1000 must only be connected to a battery that has  
a nominal output of 12 volts. It will not operate if connected to a  
6 volt battery and will be damaged if connected to a 24 volt  
battery.  
Choosing a Charging System  
A well-designed charging system will ensure that power is available when  
you need it and that your batteries remain in top condition. Inadequate  
charging will degrade system performance, and the wrong type of charger  
will reduce battery life.  
Consult Appendix C Alternators and Charging Systemsfor information  
about designing an effective charging system.  
3–4  
 
           
Choosing a Location  
Choosing a Location  
WARNING  
The PROwatt 1000 contains components that tend to produce  
arcs or sparks. To prevent fire or explosion, do not install the  
inverter in compartments containing batteries or flammable  
materials or in locations that require ignition-protected  
equipment.  
WARNING  
To reduce the risk of fire, do not cover or obstruct the  
ventilation openings. Do not install the PROwatt 1000 in a zero-  
clearance compartment. Overheating may result.  
The Prowatt 1000 must only be installed in a location that is:  
Dry  
Do not allow water or other liquids to drop or splash on the  
inverter.  
Cool  
Ambient air temperature should be between 32º F and  
105º F (0º C and 40º C)the cooler the better within this  
range.  
Ventilated  
Safe  
Allow at least 2 inches (5 cm) of clearance around the  
inverter for air flow. Ensure that ventilation openings on the  
DC end and the bottom of the unit are not obstructed.  
Do not install the inverter in the same compartment as  
batteries or in any compartment capable of storing  
flammable liquids like gasoline.  
Close to  
battery  
Do not use excessive DC cable lengths: they increase wire  
resistance and reduce input power. Longer AC wires are  
preferable to longer DC wires: wire resistance (and  
therefore voltage drop) is less and the cost is lower.  
Protected  
from battery  
gases  
Do not mount the inverter where it will be exposed to gases  
produced by the batteries. These gases are very corrosive,  
and prolonged exposure will damage the inverter.  
3–5  
 
             
Installation  
Connecting to an Existing AC Circuit  
You can plug loads directly into the AC receptacle on the front panel of  
the PROwatt 1000. You can also connect the inverter to an existing AC  
circuit and then plug loads into the receptacles connected to that circuit.  
AC Wiring Precautions  
If you are going to connect the inverter to existing AC wiring, observe the  
following precautions when installing and operating the inverter.  
Maintain correct wiring polarity.  
A modern 115 volt AC wiring system has three color-coded conductors:  
black = line (hot)  
white = neutral (common)  
green or bare = ground  
Screws on terminals are typically color-coded as follows:  
brass = line  
silver = neutral  
green = ground  
Do not connect the PROwatt 1000 and another AC source (such as a  
generator or utility power) to the AC wiring at the same time.  
The PROwatt 1000 will not operate if its output is connected to AC  
voltage from another source, and potentially hazardous or damaging  
conditions may occur. These conditions can occur even if the inverter is  
switched off.  
If you install the Prowatt 1000 into an electrical system that also uses  
power from a generator or a utility line, you must include a switch that  
prevents the inverter and the other power source from being connected to  
the AC distribution system at the same time. See Installing Transfer  
Switches in AC Circuitson page 38.  
Do not connect the PROwatt 1000 to an AC branch circuit that has  
high-power consumption loads.  
The PROwatt 1000 will not operate electric heaters, air conditioners,  
stoves, and other electrical appliances that consume more than 1000  
watts.  
3–6  
 
             
Connecting to an Existing AC Circuit  
AC Wiring Procedure  
To make a permanent connection to existing AC wiring:  
1. Make sure no DC voltage is being supplied to the inverter, and make  
sure no AC voltage is present on the AC wiring.  
2. Remove the bottom plate from the inverter. This gives you access to the  
AC terminal blocks. See Figure 3-1.  
3. Remove the knockout on the DC end of the inverter.  
4. Feed 3-conductor 14 AWG AC cable through the hole.  
5. Insert a cable clamp for electrical junction boxes to hold the cable in  
place.  
6. Connect the ground lead of the AC cable (green or bare wire) to the  
internal terminal block labelled AC GND. Connect the other end of the  
ground lead to a grounding point on a junction box or breaker panel.  
Make sure the ground lead is cut as short as possible and is not touching  
any component within the inverter.  
7. Strip 1/4 inch (6 mm) of insulation from the line (black) and neutral  
(white) leads, and connect them to the AC output terminal blocks on the  
PROwatt 1000 circuit board. These terminal blocks are labeled AC HOT  
and AC NEUT respectively as shown in Figure 3-1.  
CAUTION: Reverse Polarity  
Improper connections (connecting a line conductor to a  
neutral conductor, for example) will cause the PROwatt 1000  
to malfunction and may permanently damage the inverter.  
Damage caused by a reverse polarity connection is not  
covered by your warranty.  
Ensure that you have maintained correct polarity and that there are no  
loose strands of wire.  
8. Replace the inverters bottom panel.  
3–7  
 
                           
Installation  
DC End of Inverter  
Cable clamp  
Inverter as viewed  
from the bottom with the  
bottom panel removed.  
14 AWG leading to  
distribution panel  
AC End of Inverter  
14 AWG leading to  
distribution panel  
Green or bare = ground  
White = neutral or  
“common”  
Black = line or “hot”  
– Black connects to AC HOT  
– White connects to AC NEUT  
– Green or bare connects to AC GND  
AC Terminal blocks  
(from left to right):  
Figure 3-1 Bottom View of Inverter Showing AC Terminal Blocks  
Installing Transfer Switches in AC Circuits  
If you are using another AC source on the same circuit as the  
PROwatt 1000, install a transfer switch to ensure that the sources never  
power the circuit at the same time.  
The switching mechanism can be as simple as a plug that you insert in the  
desired AC power source. See Figure 3-2.  
You can also use a manual or automatic transfer switch. See Figure 3-3. A  
transfer switch is a double pole, double throw (DPDT) switch that switches  
both the line and neutral wires to the AC distribution system from one  
power source to the other. They are commonly used to switch between a  
generator and utility power (shorepower).  
3–8  
 
         
Connecting to an Existing AC Circuit  
Figure 3-2 Simple Transfer Switching  
Figure 3-3 Automatic Transfer Switch  
Manual and automatic transfer switches are available from marine and RV  
dealers. Make sure you buy an approved switch with AC voltage and current  
ratings that exceed the output ratings of both the inverter and the other  
power source.  
3–9  
 
     
Installation  
Installing the Remote On/Off Switch  
The remote switch lets you turn the Prowatt 1000 on and off from a  
convenient locationup to 20 feet (6 m) away from the inverterwhile the  
inverter is mounted out of sight and close to the batteries.  
To install the remote On/Off switch:  
1. Cut out the template printed on page D5 and position it on the wall  
where you want to install the switch.  
The switch requires a minimum of 0.7 inches (18 mm) of clear depth.  
2. Mark the location of the two screw holes and the area to be cut out.  
3. Pilot drill the two screw holes.  
4. Cut out the square area.  
5. Feed the communications cable and connector through the cut-out hole  
in the panel, and route the cable to the jack on the bottom of the inverter.  
6. Plug the connector into the jack on the bottom of the inverter.  
7. Fasten the switch assembly using the two screws that are provided.  
If you need more cable than the 20 feet (6 m) supplied, buy a 1:1 connector  
and a high-quality 4-conductor, telephone extension cable with an RJ-11  
conductor on each end.  
You can use a total cable length of 100 feet (30.5 m) although 50 feet  
(15.25 m) is the maximum recommended.  
Mounting the Inverter  
To mount the Prowatt 1000:  
1. Turn off the inverters On/Off switch.  
2. Select an appropriate mounting location and orientation. The inverter  
must be oriented in one of the following ways:  
Horizontally on a vertical surface. (The ventilation openings on the DC  
end must not point up or down.)  
On or under a horizontal surface  
3. Hold the inverter against the mounting surface, mark the positions of the  
mounting screws, and then remove the inverter.  
4. Pilot-drill the four mounting holes.  
5. Fasten the inverter to the mounting surface using corrosion-resistant  
hardware sized #10 or larger.  
3–10  
 
                     
Connecting the Chassis Ground  
Connecting the Chassis Ground  
WARNING: Electrical Shock Hazard  
Never operate the PROwatt 1000 without connecting it to the  
ground. Electrical shock hazard could result.  
The PROwatt 1000 has a screw terminal labeled CHASSIS GND on the  
outside of the rear panel as shown in Figure 3-4. Follow the guidelines in  
Grounding Locationsto connect the inverters chassis to the ground.  
Figure 3-4 Rear Panel Connections  
The neutral (common) conductor of the inverter AC output circuit is  
connected to the chassis ground. Therefore, when the chassis is connected to  
ground, the neutral conductor is also grounded. This conforms to National  
Electrical Code requirements stating that separately derived AC sources  
(such as inverters and generators) must have their neutral conductors tied to  
the ground in the same way that the neutral conductor from the utility line is  
tied to the ground at the AC breaker panel.  
Grounding Locations  
The chassis ground terminal must be connected to a grounding point. The  
grounding point varies depending on where you install the PROwatt 1000.  
Follow the guidelines that correspond to your type of installation:  
Recreational Vehicle Connect the CHASSIS GND screw to the vehicles  
chassis using 8 AWG copper wire (preferably with green/yellow insulation).  
3–11  
 
               
Installation  
Marine Connect the CHASSIS GND screw to the boats DC grounding bus  
or the engines negative bus using 6 AWG copper wire that is bare or has  
insulation rated at 90º C.  
Fixed Location (residential, for example) Connect the CHASSIS GND  
screw to your systems DC grounding point using 6 AWG wire. The  
systems grounding point is usually the AC service entrance grounding point  
or a separate ground rod. For a solar PV (photovoltaic) installation, this is  
usually the same rod used to ground the PV array.  
Connecting DC Cables  
To operate safely and effectively, the PROwatt 1000 needs proper cables,  
wiring, and fuses. Because the PROwatt 1000 has low-voltage, high-current  
input, low-resistance wiring between the battery and the inverter is essential  
to deliver the maximum amount of usable energy to your load.  
Cabling Guidelines  
Follow these guidelines and refer to Table 3-1 to plan the DC cabling:  
Use 4 AWG copper (90º C insulation rating) as the smallest DC cable  
size. This will minimize the voltage drop between the battery and the  
inverter. If the cables cause an excessive voltage drop, the inverter may  
shut down when drawing higher currents because the voltage at the  
inverter input drops below 10 volts.  
Keep all cables as short as possible, and ensure that each cable between  
the inverter and the battery is no longer than 4 feet (1.2 m).  
If you must use longer cables, choose a larger diameter cable such as  
2 AWG, and use appropriate crimp connectors.  
Do not use aluminum. It has about 1/3 more resistance than copper cable  
of the same size, and it is difficult to make good, low-resistance  
connections to aluminum wire.  
Table 3-1 Recommended Wire Sizes and Lengths  
Wire Length  
Wire Size  
4 AWG  
Battery to Inverter one way  
2 feet (0.6 m)  
2 AWG  
6 feet (1.8 m)  
2 AWG  
8 feet (2.4 m)  
Note: Never use a cable longer than 8 feet.  
3–12  
 
                 
Connecting DC Cables  
Fuse/Circuit Breaker Sizing Guidelines  
Because your batteries can produce thousands of amps, you need fuses or  
circuit breakers that can safely withstand the short-circuit current they can  
produce.  
To select the correct fuse type and size:  
1. Determine the total cold cranking amp rating for your battery(s). (The  
cold cranking amp rating of each battery is displayed on the battery  
case. If it is not, contact the battery manufacturer.) For example:  
If you are using one battery to power your inverter and its rating is 500,  
the total cold cranking amp rating is 500.  
If you are powering your inverter with two batteries, and each has a  
rating of 500, the total cold cranking amp rating is 1000.  
2. Once you have determined the total cold cranking amp rating of your  
batteries, identify the corresponding Ampere Interrupting Capacity  
(AIC) of the fuse or breaker required for your system by referring to  
Table 3-2. (The AIC is the amount of battery short-circuit amperage that  
the fuse can safely withstand.)  
If the Total Cold Cranking Amps indicate that the AIC is 2,700 amps or  
less, choose an ANL 150 fuse.  
If the Total Cold Cranking Amps indicate that the AIC is up to 20,000  
1
amps or if you require a code fuse, choose a Class T 150 A fuse.  
Table 3-2 Cold Cranking Amps / Ampere Interrupting Capacity  
Total Cold Cranking  
Amps  
Ampere Interrupting Capacity  
(AIC)  
650 or less  
6511100  
over 1100  
1500  
3000  
5000  
1.The figures in Table 3-2 are based on standards developed by the  
ABYC (American Boat and Yacht Council).  
3–13  
 
                   
Installation  
Cabling Procedure  
Follow the installation procedure given below and consult Figure 3-5 and  
Figure 3-6 on page 315 for additional details that are specific to your  
installation.  
FR O M ALTER NATO R  
O R C HARG ER  
IS OLATO R  
FUS E O R  
DEEP -CYCLE  
AU XILIARY  
BATTERY  
VEHICLE  
STARTING  
BATTERY  
TO DC  
LO AD S  
CIRC UIT  
BR EAKER  
GRO U ND TO  
VEHIC LE  
C HASS IS  
GRO U ND TO  
V EH IC LE  
C HASSIS  
TO VEHIC LE  
DEEP -CYCLE  
AU XILIARY  
BATTERY  
FU SE OR  
1000  
CIR CUIT  
PROwatt  
B REAKER  
G RO U ND TO  
VEHIC LE  
C HASSIS  
Figure 3-5 Configuration for Normal Loads  
3–14  
 
     
Connecting DC Cables  
TO V EH ICLE  
FR O M A LTER N ATO R  
OR C HA RG ER  
G R O U N D TO  
VEH IC LE  
C HA SSIS  
VEH IC LE  
STA RTIN G  
B ATTER Y  
BATTE RY ISO LATO R  
FU SE O R  
FUS E O R  
C IR C U IT  
BR EAKER  
C IRC UIT  
B REAKER  
D EEP-C YC LE  
BATTERY  
D EEP-C YC LE  
BATTERY  
ALL  
1
2
BATTERY  
SELEC TO R  
SW ITC H  
OFF  
G RO UN D TO  
VEH IC LE  
C H A SS IS  
TO D C  
LO AD S  
D EEP-C YC LE  
BATTERY  
D EEP-C YC LE  
BATTERY  
FU SE O R  
FUS E O R  
C IR CU IT  
BR EAKER  
C IRC UIT  
B REA KER  
ALL  
1
2
BATTE RY  
SELEC TO R  
SW ITC H  
OFF  
1000  
PROwatt  
G R O UN D TO  
VEH IC LE  
CH ASSIS  
Figure 3-6 Configuration for Heavy Loads  
To connect the DC cables:  
1. Cut the cables to the correct length.  
2. Strip the appropriate amount of insulation off one end of each cable and  
attach the connectors that will join the cables to the battery, battery  
isolator switch, or fuse block. The connectors you use must create a  
permanent, low-resistance connection.  
If you are using crimp connectors, use the tool recommended by the  
terminal manufacturer. Make sure no stray wires protrude from the  
terminal. (You may find it more convenient to have the crimp  
connectors attached by the company that sells you the cable.)  
3. Strip about 1/2 inch (1.25 cm) from the ends of the cables that will be  
connected to the inverter.  
3–15  
 
 
Installation  
4. Install a fuse and fuse holder in the cable that will be used for the  
positive side of the DC circuit. The fuse must be as close to the  
battery as possible, be rated for DC circuits, and have an Ampere  
Interrupting Capacity (AIC) that exceeds the short-circuit current  
available from the battery. (See Fuse/Circuit Breaker Sizing  
Guidelineson page 313.)  
5. Insert the stripped ends of the cables into the cabling terminals on the  
DC end of the inverter and tighten the screws securely. The red  
terminal is positive (+); the black terminal is negative (). See  
Figure 3-4.  
6. Attach the connector on the negative cable to the negative battery  
terminal. Make a secure connection. Loose connectors cause  
excessive voltage drop and may cause overheated wires and melted  
insulation.  
CAUTION: Reverse Polarity  
Power connections to the PROwatt 1000 must be positive to  
positive and negative to negative.  
A reverse polarity connection (positive to negative) will blow  
a fuse in the inverter and may permanently damage the unit.  
Damage caused by a reverse polarity connection is not  
covered by your warranty.  
7. Before proceeding, make sure that the cable you have just installed  
connects the negative terminal of the inverter to the negative terminal  
of the battery.  
WARNING: Explosion or Fire  
Do not complete the next step if flammable fumes are  
present. Explosion or fire may result. Thoroughly ventilate  
the battery compartment before making this connection.  
8. Connect the cable from the positive (red) terminal of the PROwatt  
1000 to the positive terminal of the battery.  
This is the last cable connection. A spark is normal when you make it.  
9. If you have installed a battery selector switch, use it to select one of  
the batteries or battery banks.  
10. Turn on the inverters On/Off switch.  
3–16  
 
               
Connecting DC Cables  
11. Check the front panel of the inverter. The VOLTS indicator should  
read 1213 volts, depending on the voltage of the battery. If it does  
not, check your battery and the connection to the inverter. The other  
indicators should be off.  
3–17  
 
   
3–18  
 
Operation  
4
Chapter 4 explains how to operate the Prowatt  
1000 most efficiently. Specifically, this chapter:  
Gives procedures for operating the inverter  
from the front panel and from the remote  
On/Off switch  
Discusses operating limits  
Provides information about routine  
maintenance  
Discusses battery charging frequency  
 
     
Operation  
Turning the Inverter On and Off  
The On/Off switch on the inverters front panel turns the control circuit in  
the PROwatt 1000 on and off.  
To turn the inverter on and off from its front panel:  
Turn the inverters On/Off switch on or off.  
When the switch is Off, the inverter draws no current from the  
battery.  
CAUTION  
The inverters On/Off switch does not disconnect power from  
the Prowatt 1000.  
Operating Several Loads at Once  
If you are going to operate several loads from the PROwatt 1000, turn  
them on separately after you have turned the inverter on.  
This will ensure that the inverter does not have to deliver the starting  
current for all the loads at once.  
Turning the Inverter Off Between Charges  
When the On/Off switch is on but no power is being supplied to a load,  
the inverter draws less than 300 mA from the battery. This is a low current  
draw. It would take more than a week to discharge a 100 Ah battery at this  
current, so you dont have to worry about excessive drain on your battery  
if you leave the inverter switched on for a few days.  
If you are not planning to recharge your battery within a week or so,  
switch the inverter off.  
4–2  
 
               
Using the Remote On/Off Switch  
Using the Remote On/Off Switch  
To operate the inverter from the remote On/Off switch:  
1. Turn on the inverters On/Off switch.  
Note: Leave this switch on during operation. Turning it off disables  
the remote switch.  
2. Press the touch control button on the remote switch to turn the  
inverter on. The INVERTER ON indicator lights up.  
Press the button again if you want to turn the inverter off. The  
INVERTER ON indicator goes off.  
Testing the GFCI-Protected AC Outlet  
The AC outlet on the Prowatt 1000 is a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter  
(GFCI) outlet. This protects you against hazardous electrical shocks that  
could be caused by dampness, faulty mechanism, worn insulation, etc.  
You might still feel shock, but the GFCI should cut it off quickly enough  
so an adult in normal health is not seriously injured (infants and small  
children may still be affected).  
Test the GFCI periodically to make sure it is operating correctly.  
To test the GFCI protection:  
1. Turn the inverter on.  
2. Plug a test lamp into the outlet.  
3. Push the TEST button.  
The RESET button should pop out and the power should turn off (the  
lamp should go out). If the lamp remains lit, or if the RESET button  
does not pop out, return the inverter to the place of purchase for  
service.  
If the GFCI trips by itself at any time, reset it and perform the preceding  
test.  
4–3  
 
               
Operation  
Reading the Front Panel Indicators  
Battery Voltage Indicator  
The battery VOLTS indicator shows the voltage at the input terminals of  
the PROwatt 1000. At low input currents, this voltage is very close to the  
battery voltage. At high input currents, this voltage is lower than the  
battery voltage because of the voltage drop across the cable and  
connection.  
During operation, the voltage should remain in the green area.  
If voltage goes into the top or bottom red area, the inverter may shut  
down.  
Battery Current Indicator  
The AMPS indicator shows the current that the inverter is drawing from  
the battery. It does not indicate current drawn by other loads also  
connected to the battery.  
For long-term operation, the current should remain in the green area.  
Short-term operation is possible with the current in the yellow area.  
If the current rises to the red area, the inverter reduces its output  
voltage to protect itself.  
OVER TEMP Indicator  
The OVER TEMP LED (light emitting diode) indicates that the inverter  
has shut itself down because it has overheated. The inverter may overheat  
because it has been operated at power levels above its continuous output  
rating, or because it has been installed in a location that does not allow it  
to dissipate heat properly. The inverter will restart automatically once it  
has cooled off.  
OVER LOAD Indicator  
The OVER LOAD LED indicates that the inverter has shut itself down  
because of severe overload, an AC wiring fault, or another AC voltage  
source connected to the output.  
If the OVER LOAD LED comes on, turn off the On/Off switch, correct  
the fault condition, and then turn the switch back on.  
Do not turn the inverter on again until you have corrected the fault  
condition.  
4–4  
 
                                 
Operating Limits  
Operating Limits  
Power Output  
The Prowatt 1000 will deliver up to 1000 watts or 8 amps continuously,  
depending on input voltage and ambient temperature. The 1000 watt  
capability is reached when ambient temperature is less than 68º F (20º C)  
and input voltage is between 12 and 13 volts.  
The inverter will deliver more than 1000 watts or 8 amps for  
approximately 10 to 15 minutes. The inverter must cool for 15 minutes  
before it can resume operation above 1000 watts.  
The wattage rating applies to resistive loads such as incandescent lights  
while the current rating applies to reactive loads such as motors.  
Input Voltage  
The input voltage limits are shown in the following table.  
Operating  
Condition  
Voltage Range Comment  
10 V15 V  
Normal  
Peak Performance  
12 V14.5 V  
Low Voltage Alarm Voltage is  
10.7 V or less  
The audible low battery alarm sounds  
and the VOLTS indicator is in the  
lower red area.  
Low Voltage  
Shutdown  
Voltage is less  
than 10 V  
The inverter shuts down to protect the  
battery from being over-discharged.  
High Voltage  
Shutdown  
Voltage is 15 V The inverter shuts down to protect  
or more  
itself from excessive input voltage.  
The VOLTS indicator is in the upper  
red area.  
Although the PROwatt 1000  
Note:  
incorporates over-voltage protection,  
it can still be damaged if input voltage  
exceeds 16 V.  
Unit restarts after low  
voltage shutdown  
The inverter will not restart unless the  
battery voltage is acceptable for  
running the load.  
4–5  
 
                             
Operation  
Inverter Loads  
The PROwatt 1000 will operate most AC loads within its power rating  
(1000 watts / 8 amps). However, some appliances and equipment may be  
difficult to operate, and other appliances may actually be damaged if you  
try to operate them with the PROwatt 1000. Please read Problem  
Loadsand Trouble Loadscarefully.  
Problem Loads  
Some induction motors used in freezers, pumps, and other motor-operated  
equipment need high surge currents to start. The PROwatt 1000 may not  
be able to start some of these motors even though their rated current draw  
is within the inverters limits. The PROwatt 1000 will normally start  
single-phase induction motors rated at 1/2 horsepower or less.  
If a motor refuses to start, observe the VOLTS indicator while you are  
trying to start the motor. If the indicator drops below 11 volts while the  
Prowatt 1000 is trying to start the motor, this may explain why the motor  
wont start. Make sure the length and diameter of the battery cables are  
appropriate. Check that the battery connections are good and that the  
battery is fully charged. If the cables are sized correctly, the connections  
are good, and the battery is charged, but the voltage still drops below 11  
volts, you may need to use a larger battery.  
Trouble Loads  
CAUTION  
Some equipment may be damaged by the PROwatt 1000s  
quasi-square wave output.  
Some appliances, including the types listed below, may be damaged if  
they are connected to the PROwatt 1000:  
Electronics that modulate RF (radio frequency) signals on the AC line  
will not work and may be damaged.  
Speed controllers found in some fans, kitchen appliances, and other  
loads may be damaged.  
Some rechargers for small nickel-cadmium batteries can be damaged.  
See Precautions For Using Rechargeable Applianceson page viii  
for details.  
If you are unsure about powering any device with the PROwatt 1000,  
contact the manufacturer of the device.  
4–6  
 
                                         
Battery Charging Frequency  
Battery Charging Frequency  
When possible, recharge your batteries when they are about 50%  
discharged or earlier. This gives them a much longer life cycle than  
recharging when they are almost completely discharged. For information  
about battery chargers, see our web site at www.xantrex.com.  
Routine Maintenance  
Minimal maintenance is required to keep your PROwatt 1000 operating  
properly. Periodically you should:  
Clean the exterior of the unit with a damp cloth to prevent the  
accumulation of dust and dirt  
Tighten the screws on the DC input terminals  
4–7  
 
               
4–8  
 
Troubleshooting  
5
Chapter 5 will help you identify the source of  
most problems that can occur with the  
Prowatt 1000.  
review this chapter before contacting Xantrex  
Customer Service.  
If you are unable to solve a problem and need to  
contact Xantrex, record the information that is  
asked for in Information About Your Systemon  
page D4. This will help our Customer Service  
Representatives give you better service.  
 
     
Troubleshooting  
Common Problems  
Buzz in Audio Equipment  
Some inexpensive stereo systems emit a buzzing noise from their  
loudspeakers when operated from the PROwatt 1000. This occurs because  
the power supply in the audio system does not adequately filter the  
modified sine wave produced by the inverter. The only solution is to use a  
sound system that has a higher quality power supply.  
Television Reception  
When it is operating, the PROwatt 1000 can interfere with television  
reception on some channels. If interference occurs, try the following:  
1. Make sure the chassis ground screw on the rear of the Prowatt 1000 is  
solidly connected to the ground system of your vehicle, boat, or  
home.  
2. Make sure the television antenna provides an adequate (snow-free)  
signal and that you are using good quality cable between the antenna  
and the television.  
3. Keep the cables between the battery and the Prowatt 1000 as short as  
possible and twist them together with two to three twists per foot.  
(This minimizes radiated interference from the cables.)  
4. Move the television as far away from the Prowatt 1000 as possible.  
5. Do not operate high power loads with the Prowatt 1000 while the  
television is on.  
5–2  
 
                 
Troubleshooting Reference  
Troubleshooting Reference  
WARNING: Electrical Shock and Burn Hazard  
Do not dismantle the Prowatt 1000. It does not contain any user-serviceable parts.  
Attempting to service the unit yourself could result in an electrical shock or burn.  
Table 5-1 Troubleshooting Reference  
Problem Possible Cause  
Low output voltage (96 VacYou are using a voltmeter that Use a true RMS reading voltmeter.  
Solution  
104 Vac)  
cannot accurately read the  
RMS voltage of a modified  
sine wave.  
Low output voltage and the  
AMPS indicator is in the red  
area.  
Overload  
Reduce the load.  
No output voltage and the  
VOLTS indicator is in the  
lower red area.  
Low input voltage  
Recharge the battery; check the  
connections and cable.  
No output voltage; no voltage The inverter is off.  
Turn the inverter on.  
indication.  
No power to the inverter.  
Check wiring to the inverter.  
Inverter fuse open.  
Have a qualified service technician  
check and replace the fuse if necessary.  
Have a qualified service technician  
check and replace the fuse, making  
sure to observe correct polarity.  
Reverse DC polarity.  
High input voltage.  
No output voltage and the  
VOLTS indicator is in the  
upper red area.  
Make sure the Prowatt 1000 is  
connected to a 12 V battery.  
Check the voltage regulation of the  
charging system.  
Low battery alarm stays on  
and the voltage indicator is  
below 11 V.  
Poor DC wiring; poor battery Use proper cable and make solid  
condition.  
connections. Charge the battery. Install  
a new battery.  
5–3  
 
                       
Troubleshooting  
Table 5-1 Troubleshooting Reference  
Problem  
Possible Cause  
Solution  
No output voltage; OVER  
TEMP indicator on; load is  
more than 1000 W / 8 A  
output current. The AMPS  
indicator is showing high  
battery current.  
Thermal shutdown.  
Allow the unit to cool off.  
Reduce the load if continuous  
operation is required.  
No output voltage; the OVER Thermal shutdown.  
TEMP indicator is on; the  
load is less than 1000 W / 8 A  
output current.  
Improve ventilation; make sure the  
inverters ventilation openings are not  
obstructed; reduce the ambient  
temperature.  
No output voltage; the OVER Short circuit or wiring error. Check the AC wiring for a short circuit  
LOAD indicator is on.  
or improper polarity (hot and neutral  
reversed).  
Very high power load.  
Remove the load.  
5–4  
 
                   
Specifications  
A
Appendix A contains electrical and physical  
specifications for the Prowatt 1000 and its remote  
On/Off switch.  
 
     
Specifications  
Electrical Performance (Inverter)  
Output power at 68º F (20º C) ambient  
and 12 Vdc input:  
Continuous power  
Surge power  
1000 W  
2000 W  
Output voltage  
115 Vac RMS 5%  
Output waveform  
Modified sine wave (quasi-  
square wave)  
Output frequency  
Input voltage  
60 Hz 0.01%  
1015 Vdc  
Low battery alarm  
Low battery cutout  
Efficiency  
Audible, 10.7 V  
10.0 V  
Approximately 8590%  
<0.3 A  
No load current draw  
Physical (Inverter)  
Length  
Width  
10 inches (26 cm)  
9 inches (24 cm)  
3 inches (8 cm)  
5.2 lb (2.4 kg)  
Height  
Weight  
Dimensions (Remote On/Off Switch)  
Length  
4.25 inches (10.80 cm)  
Width  
2.5 inches (6.35 cm)  
0.7 inches (18 mm)  
20 ft (6 m)  
Depth  
Cable Length  
Specifications are subject to change without notice.  
A–2  
 
                 
Battery Types and  
Sizes  
B
The batteries you use strongly affect the  
performance of the Prowatt 1000. It is important  
to connect the inverter to the correct size and type  
of battery.  
The information in Appendix B will help you  
select, connect, and maintain batteries that are  
most appropriate for your application.  
 
       
Battery Types and Sizes  
Battery Types  
Automotive Starting Batteries  
The lead-acid battery you are most familiar with is probably the starting  
battery in your automobile. An automotive starting battery is designed to  
deliver a large amount of current for a short period of time (so it can start  
your engine). Only a small portion of the batterys capacity is used when  
starting the engine, and it is quickly recharged by the running engine.  
This type of battery is not designed for repeated cycles where the battery  
is almost completely discharged and then recharged. If it is used in this  
kind of deep discharge service, it will wear out very rapidly.  
Deep-Cycle Lead-Acid Batteries  
Deep-cycle lead-acid batteries are designed for deep discharge service  
where they will be repeatedly discharged and recharged. They are  
marketed for use in recreational vehicles, boats, and electric golf carts—  
so you may see them referred to as RV batteries, marine batteries, or golf  
cart batteries.  
For most applications of the Prowatt 1000, Xantrex recommends that you  
use one or more deep-cycle batteries that are separated from the vehicles  
starting battery by a battery isolator.  
A battery isolator is a solid-state electronic circuit that allows equipment  
to be operated from an auxiliary battery without danger of discharging the  
vehicles starting battery. During vehicle operation, the battery isolator  
automatically directs the charge from the alternator to the battery  
requiring the charge. Figure B-1 and Figure B-2 show a battery isolator in  
configurations for normal and heavy-duty loads.  
Battery isolators are available at marine and RV dealers and most auto  
parts stores.  
B–2  
 
                 
Battery Size  
Battery Size  
CAUTION  
The PROwatt 1000 must only be connected to batteries with a  
nominal output voltage of 12 volts. The inverter will not operate from  
a 6 volt battery and will be damaged if connected to a 24 volt battery.  
Importance  
Battery size or capacity is as important as the battery type for efficient  
operation of your loads. Xantrex recommends that you purchase as much  
battery capacity as possible.  
Battery  
Capacity  
Standards  
A number of different standards are used to rate battery energy storage  
capacity. Automotive and marine starting batteries are normally rated in  
cranking amps. This is not a relevant rating for continuous loads like an  
inverter. Deep-cycle batteries use a more suitable rating system, either  
amp-hours(Ah) or reserve capacityin minutes.  
Battery Reserve Capacity Battery reserve capacity is a measure of  
how long a battery can deliver a certain amount of currentusually 25  
amps. For example, a battery with a reserve capacity of 180 minutes can  
deliver 25 amps for 180 minutes before it is completely discharged.  
Amp-hour (Ah) Capacity Amp-hour capacity is a measure of how  
many amps a battery can deliver for a specified length of timeusually  
20 hours. For example, a typical marine or RV battery rated for 100 Ah  
can deliver 5 amps for 20 hours (5 A x 20 hours = 100 Ah).  
time, limited approximately by the 100 Ah figure (for example, 50 A for 2  
hours, or 200 A for 1/2 hour), but usually the capacity figure given is only  
accurate at the specified rate (20 hours).  
To calculate the battery capacity you require, read Estimating Battery  
Requirementson page B4 and Battery Sizing Exampleon page B4,  
and then complete the Battery Sizing Worksheeton page B5.  
B–3  
 
                   
Battery Types and Sizes  
Estimating Battery Requirements  
To determine how much battery capacity you need:  
1. Determine how many watts are consumed by each appliance that you  
will operate from the PROwatt 1000. You can normally find this on a  
label on the product. If only the current draw is given, multiply it by  
115 to get the power consumption in watts.  
2. Estimate how many hours each appliance will be operating each day.  
3. Calculate the daily watt-hours needed for each appliance.  
4. Add the total number of watt-hours needed for all the appliances and  
multiply it by the number of days between charges.  
5. Divide the total watt-hours of AC load between charges by 10. This  
gives the battery Ah used between charges.  
6. Double the total Ah used between charges to get the recommended  
battery size in Ah.  
See the battery sizing example that follows.  
Battery Sizing Example  
This battery sizing example illustrates a typical calculation, assuming an  
opportunity to charge the batteries every three days.  
Dailywatt-hours  
needed for this  
(A) Power  
Consumption  
(B) Operating  
Time per Day  
appliance  
(= A x B)  
Appliance  
TV & VCR  
200 W  
800 W  
2 hours  
400 Wh  
200 Wh  
Compact  
microwave  
15 min = 1/4 hour  
3 lamps, 60 W each  
Coffee maker  
Steam iron  
180 W  
600 W  
700 W  
4 hours  
15 min = 1/4 hour  
6 min = 1/10 hour  
720 Wh  
150 Wh  
70 Wh  
1540 Wh  
3
Total daily watt-hours of AC load  
x Number of days between charges  
= Total watt-hours of AC load between charges  
Battery Ah used between charges (divide by 10)  
4620 Wh  
462 Ah  
924 Ah  
Recommended Battery Bank Size in Ah (multiply by 2)  
B–4  
 
           
Estimating Battery Requirements  
This example illustrates how quickly your battery needs can escalate. To  
reduce the required battery size, you can conserve energy by eliminating  
or reducing the use of some loads or by re-charging more frequently.  
When sizing your battery, resist the temptation to skip the last step of this  
calculation (multiplying by 2). More capacity is better since you will have  
more reserve capacity, be better able to handle large loads and surge loads,  
and your battery won't be discharged as deeply. Battery life is directly  
dependent on how deeply the battery is discharged. The deeper the  
discharge, the shorter the battery life.  
Battery Sizing Worksheet  
Use the following worksheet to calculate your battery needs. To ensure  
sufficient battery capacity, be generous when estimating the operating  
time per day for each of the loads you will run.  
Daily watt-  
hours needed  
(A)  
Power  
Consumption  
(B)  
for this  
appliance  
(= A x B)  
OperatingTime  
per day  
Appliance  
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
hours  
hours  
hours  
hours  
hours  
hours  
hours  
hours  
Wh  
Wh  
Wh  
Wh  
Wh  
Wh  
Wh  
Wh  
Wh  
Total daily watt-hours of AC load  
x Number of days between charges  
= Total watt-hours of AC load between charges  
Battery Ah used between charges (divide by 10)  
Wh  
Ah  
Ah  
Recommended Battery Bank Size in Ah (multiply by 2)  
B–5  
 
           
Battery Types and Sizes  
Using Multiple Batteries  
As your power requirements increase, you may need to use more than one  
battery to obtain sufficient capacity. Read Two Batteries Connected In  
Paralleland Two Separate Battery Banksto determine whether two  
batteries or two battery banks are more appropriate for your applications.  
Two Batteries Connected In Parallel  
Two identical batteries can be connected positive (+) to positive (+) and  
negative () to negative () in a parallel system. A parallel system doubles  
capacity and maintains the voltage of a single battery.  
Both Figure B-1 and Figure B-2 show batteries connected in parallel.  
Figure B-1 shows a battery configuration suitable for normal loads;  
Figure B-2 shows a configuration that is recommended for heavy loads.  
CAUTION  
Do not connect the following in parallel: batteries made by  
different manufacturers, different types of batteries, batteries  
that have different Ah ratings. Decreased battery life and  
improper charging will result.  
TO VEHICLE  
FROM ALTERNATOR  
OR CHARGER  
GROUND TO  
VEHICLE  
CHASSIS  
VEHICLE  
STARTING  
BATTERY  
BATTERY ISOLATO R  
FUSE OR  
CIRCUIT  
BREAKER  
FUSE OR  
CIRCUIT  
BREAKER  
DEEP-CYCLE  
BATTERY  
DEEP-CYCLE  
BATTERY  
ALL  
1
2
BATTERY  
SELECTOR  
SW ITCH  
OFF  
GRO UND TO  
VEHICLE  
CHASSIS  
TO DC  
LOADS  
DEEP-CYCLE  
BATTERY  
DEEP-CYCLE  
BATTERY  
FUSE OR  
FUSE OR  
CIRCUIT  
BREAKER  
CIRCUIT  
BREAKER  
ALL  
1
2
BATTERY  
SELECTOR  
SWITCH  
OFF  
1000  
PROwatt  
GROUND TO  
VEHICLE  
CHASSIS  
Figure B-1 Configuration for Normal Loads  
B–6  
 
           
Using Multiple Batteries  
Two Separate Battery Banks  
If you need more than two batteries (or are using different makes or  
models of batteries), Xantrex recommends that you install two separate  
battery banks and a battery selector switch.  
Figure B-2 shows two separate battery banks and a battery selector  
switch. This configuration is recommended for heavy-duty applications.  
Battery Selector  
Switch  
By installing a battery selector switch, you can select between the two  
battery banks, use both banks in parallel, or disconnect both banks from  
the load. Battery selector switches are available at marine and RV dealers.  
TO VEHICLE  
FRO M ALTERNATOR  
OR CHARG ER  
GRO UND TO  
VEHICLE  
CHASSIS  
VEHICLE  
STARTIN G  
BATTERY  
BATTERY ISOLATO R  
FU SE OR  
C IRCUIT  
BREAKER  
FUSE OR  
CIRC UIT  
BR EAKER  
DEEP-CYCLE  
BATTERY  
D EEP-CYC LE  
BATTERY  
ALL  
1
2
BATTERY  
SELECTOR  
SW ITCH  
OFF  
GRO UND  
T
VEHICLE  
C HASSIS  
TO DC  
LOADS  
DEEP-CYCLE  
BATTERY  
D EE P-CYC LE  
BATTERY  
FUSE OR  
FUSE OR  
CIRCU IT  
BREAKER  
CIRC UIT  
BREAKER  
ALL  
1
2
BATTERY  
SELECTO R  
SWITCH  
OFF  
1000  
PROwatt  
GR OUN D TO  
VEHIC LE  
CHASSIS  
Figure B-2 Configuration for Heavy Loads  
B–7  
 
           
Battery Types and Sizes  
Battery Tips  
WARNING  
Review Precautions When Working With Batterieson  
page viii before you work with the batteries in your system.  
Explosive/Corrosive Gases Lead-acid batteries may emit hydrogen,  
oxygen, and sulfuric acid fumes when recharging. To reduce the risk of  
explosion:  
Vent the battery compartment to prevent the accumulation of gases.  
Do not install electronic or electrical equipment in the battery  
compartment.  
Do not smoke or use an open flame when working around batteries.  
Temperature Sensitivity The capacity of lead-acid batteries is  
temperature sensitive. Battery capacity is rated at 77º F (25º C). At 0º F  
(20º C), the Ah capacity is about half the rated capacity. You should  
consider temperature when designing your system.  
Low Temperatures If extremely low temperatures are expected  
where the inverter is going to be located, you should consider a  
heated equipment room. If the system is located in an unheated  
space, an insulated battery enclosure is recommended.  
High Temperatures The batteries should also be protected from  
high temperatures. These can be caused by high ambient  
temperatures, solar heating of the battery enclosure, or heat released  
by a nearby engine or generator. High battery temperatures shorten  
battery life and therefore you should ventilate the enclosure and use  
shade and insulation as appropriate.  
Discharged Batteries Do not leave batteries in a discharged state for  
more than a day or two. They will undergo a chemical process (sulfation)  
that can permanently damage the battery. As well, batteries self-discharge  
over a period of three to six months, so they should be recharged  
periodically even if they are not being used.  
Electrolyte Level If your batteries are not the maintenance-freetype,  
check the electrolyte level at least once a month. Excessive fluid loss is a  
sign of overcharging. Replenish the electrolyte using distilled water only.  
B–8  
 
                 
Battery Tips  
Battery Connections Connections to battery posts must be made with  
permanent connectors that provide a reliable, low-resistance connection.  
Do not use alligator clips. Clean the connections regularly and prevent  
corrosion by using a protective spray coating or vaseline.  
Battery State of Charge You can measure battery state of charge with  
a hydrometer or, more easily, with a voltmeter. Use a digital voltmeter  
than can display tenths or hundredths of a volt when measuring 10 to 30  
volts. Make your measurements when the battery has not been charged or  
discharged for several hours. For a deep-cycle battery at 77º F (25º C), use  
the following table:  
Battery Voltage State of Charge  
12.713.0  
12.512.6  
12.312.4  
12.112.2  
11.912.0  
100%  
80%  
60%  
40%  
20%  
B–9  
 
       
B–10  
 
Alternators and  
Charging Systems  
C
A good charging system is important for the  
health of your batteries. Poor recharging methods  
can quickly damage them.  
Appendix C provides guidelines for recharging  
batteries from an alternator, from AC power, and  
from alternate energy sources.  
 
       
Alternators and Charging Systems  
Charging System Requirements  
Your charging system should be capable of delivering a charging current  
equal to 25% of the amp-hour capacity of your battery. For example, if  
you have a 200 Ah battery, the charging system should be able to deliver  
50 amps. The charging system must also be able to charge each 12 volt  
battery up to approximately 14.4 V and then drop back to a float”  
voltage of 13.514 V (or shut off).  
CAUTION  
Never operate the PROwatt 1000 directly from an alternator. To  
work properly, the inverter must be connected to a battery or a  
well-regulated, high-current DC power supply.  
Charging With an Engine Alternator  
Read the following information to determine whether your vehicles  
standard alternator will be adequate by itself, whether you should install  
an alternator controller, or whether you need a high-output alternator.  
Using a Standard Vehicle Alternator  
A typical engine alternator (12 volts) may not be able to meet the  
requirements outlined above if your system uses large capacity batteries.  
Alternators are typically rated for the current they can deliver when they  
are cold. In use, alternators heat up, and their output current capability  
drops by as much as 25%. Therefore, standard alternators with ratings of  
40105 amps only deliver a maximum of 3080 amps in actual use and  
deliver even less as battery voltage rises. Many alternators cannot  
produce more than 13.6 volts when they are hot. As a result, a standard  
alternator may not be able to charge a large battery quickly and  
completely.  
Two solutions are to install an alternator controller or to install a high-  
output alternator.  
C–2  
 
           
Charging From AC Power  
Using an Alternator Controller  
If your regular alternator is inadequate by itself, you can install an  
alternator controller that bypasses the voltage regulator and boosts the  
alternators output voltage during charging. This will increase the  
alternators charging rate at higher battery voltages and ensure more rapid  
and complete charging.  
Alternator controllers are available from marine product dealers.  
Using a High-Output Alternator  
Heavy-duty alternators rated from 100140 A can replace standard  
alternators and produce the higher current and voltage required to charge  
multiple battery systems. They are available from RV and marine dealers  
as well as auto parts suppliers.  
Charging From AC Power  
When recharging from AC power, use a good quality marine battery  
charger or RV converter that meets the requirements outlined in  
Charging System Requirementson page C2. For information about  
battery chargers, visit our web site at www.xantrex.com  
Do not use chargers intended for occasional recharging of automotive  
starting batteries. These chargers are not intended for continuous use.  
Charging From Alternative Energy Sources  
You can also charge your batteries from alternative energy sources such  
as solar panels, wind, or hydro systems. Make sure you use the  
appropriate battery charge controller for your particular energy source.  
CAUTION  
Never operate the Prowatt 1000 directly from an energy source  
such as a solar panel. The inverter must be connected to a  
battery or a well-regulated, high-current DC power supply to  
work properly.  
C–3  
 
                           
C–4  
 
Product and  
System  
Information  
D
Appendix D contains the warranty for your  
Prowatt 1000 as well as instructions for returning  
the product for servicing.  
Appendix D also has a place where you can record  
information about your system in case you need  
to contact Customer Service.  
 
     
Product and System Information  
Warranty  
What does this warranty cover? Xantrex manufactures its products  
from parts and components that are new or equivalent to new, in  
accordance with industry-standard practices. This warranty covers any  
defects in workmanship or materials.  
How long does the coverage last? This warranty lasts for twelve  
months from the date of purchase. Implied warranties of merchantability  
and fitness for a particular purpose are limited to twelve months from the  
date of purchase. Some jurisdictions do not allow limitations on how long  
an implied warranty lasts, so the above limitation may not apply to you.  
What does this warranty not cover? This warranty will not apply  
where the product has been misused, neglected, improperly installed,  
physically damaged or altered, either internally or externally, or damaged  
from improper use or use in an unsuitable environment. Xantrex does not  
warrant uninterrupted operation of its products. Xantrex shall not be  
liable for damages, whether direct, incidental, special, or consequential,  
or economic loss even though caused by the negligence or fault of  
Xantrex. Some jurisdictions do not allow the exclusion or limitation of  
incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or exclusion  
may not apply to you.  
What will Xantrex do? Xantrex will, at its option, repair or replace the  
defective product free of charge. Xantrex will, at its own option, use new  
and/or reconditioned parts made by various manufacturers in performing  
warranty repair and building replacement products. If Xantrex repairs or  
replaces a product, its warranty term is not extended. Xantrex owns all  
parts removed from repaired products.  
How do you get service? To qualify for the warranty, dated proof of  
purchase must be provided and the product must not be disassembled or  
modified without prior authorization by Xantrex. If your product requires  
warranty service, please return it to the place of purchase along with a  
copy of your dated proof of purchase. If you are unable to contact your  
merchant, or the merchant is unable to provide service, contact Xantrex  
directly at:  
Phone: 1-800-670-0707  
Fax:  
1-800-994-7828  
D–2  
 
                           
Return Material Authorization Policy  
Return Material Authorization Policy  
You must obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number from  
Xantrex before returning a product directly to Xantrex. Products returned  
without an RMA number or shipped collect will be refused. When you  
contact Xantrex to obtain service, be prepared to supply:  
The serial number of your product  
Its date of purchase  
Information about the installation and use of the unit  
Record these details in Information About Your Systemon page D4.  
Return Material Procedure  
If you are returning a product from the USA or Canada, follow this  
procedure:  
1. Contact Xantrex to obtain an RMA number and a shipping address.  
2. Package the unit safely, preferably using the original box and packing  
materials. Include the following:  
The RMA number supplied by Xantrex  
A copy of your dated proof of purchase  
A return address where the repaired unit can be shipped  
A contact telephone number  
A brief description of the problem  
3. Ship the unit freight prepaid to the address provided in step 1. Collect  
shipments will be refused.  
How do other laws apply? This warranty gives you specific legal  
rights, and you may also have other rights which vary from jurisdiction to  
jurisdiction.  
For our Canadian customers: When used herein implied warranties  
of merchantability and fitness for a particular purposeincludes all  
warranties and conditions, express or implied, statutory or otherwise,  
including without limitation implied warranties and conditions of  
merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.  
D–3  
 
                     
Product and System Information  
Information About Your System  
As soon as you open your Prowatt 1000 package, record the following  
information and be sure to keep your proof of purchase.  
Serial Number (on DC  
______________________________  
end)  
Purchased From  
Purchase Date  
______________________________  
______________________________  
If you need to contact Customer Service, please record the following  
details before calling. This information will help our representatives give  
you better service.  
Type of installation (e.g.  
______________________________  
RV, boat, home)  
Length of time inverter  
______________________________  
has been installed  
Battery/battery bank size ______________________________  
Battery type (e.g.  
flooded, sealed gel cell,  
AGM)  
______________________________  
DC wiring size and  
______________________________  
______________________________  
length  
Alarm sounding?  
Description of indicators ______________________________  
on front panel  
Appliances operating  
______________________________  
______________________________  
when problem occurred  
Description of problem  
_____________________________________________________  
_____________________________________________________  
D–4  
 
               
Remote On/Off Switch Mounting Template  
Remote On/Off Switch Mounting Template  
2 1/2 (6.35 cm)  
1 3/4 (4.5 cm)  
Cut out area within  
the dotted lines.  
Figure D-1 Remote On/Off Switch Mounting Template  
D–5  
 
       
D–6  
 
Index  
deep-cycle lead-acid B2  
depth of discharge B5  
discharged B8  
electrolyte level B8  
golf cart B2  
A
ABYC (American Boat and Yacht  
Council) 313  
AC GND 37  
AC HOT 37  
AC NEUT 37  
AC wiring  
knockout for 24  
procedure 37  
terminal blocks 24, 37, 38  
AC wiring, connecting to 36, 37  
Ah. See amp-hour capacity.  
alarm, low battery 13, 45, 53  
alternator controller 33  
described C3  
marine B2  
nickel-cadmium viii, 46  
parallel connection illustrated B6  
reserve capacity B3, B5  
routine maintenance 47  
self-discharge B8  
temperature sensitivity B8  
using 2 battery banks B7  
using multiple B6  
battery banks  
described B7  
installing C3  
alternator, high-output 33, C3  
ampere interrupting capacity 313, 316  
amp-hour (Ah) capacity B3  
AMPS indicator 23, 44, 53, 54  
appliances  
battery-operated viii  
current draw B4  
fans 46  
illustrated B7  
battery chargers 47  
recommended types C3  
battery connections B9  
battery demand, standby 12  
battery isolator  
component 33  
using B2  
battery reserve capacity B3  
battery selector switch 316, B7  
possible damage to 46  
power consumption B4, B5  
rechargeable viii  
audio equipment, buzz in 52  
estimating example B4  
estimating your needs 34, B3, B4  
B
batteries  
amp-hour (Ah) capacity B3  
automotive starting B2, B3  
charging frequency 47  
cold cranking amp rating 313  
connecting 2 in parallel B6  
C
cable clamp 33, 37  
cables. See DC cables.  
 
 
Index  
charging  
from AC power C3  
freezers 46  
from alternative energy sources C3  
with engine alternator C2  
charging frequency for batteries 47  
charging systems  
designing a system 34, C2  
requirements C2  
fuses 33, 313  
ampere interrupting capacity (AIC) 313, 316  
ANL 150 313  
Class T 150 A 313  
replacing 53  
type and size 313  
chassis ground  
for fixed locations 312  
for marine installations 312  
for photovoltaic (PV) installations 312  
for recreational vehicles 311  
guidelines for connecting 311  
chassis ground screw 24, 311  
communications cable  
battery, venting 35  
explosive vii, 316, B8  
GFCI protection 13, 23, 43  
GFCI, testing 43  
described 25  
extending length 310  
in materials list 22  
maximum length 310  
high-output alternator  
described C3  
installing C3  
current draw, no load 42, A2  
Customer Service  
email 22, D2  
mention 33  
fax number 22, D2  
hydrometer B9  
phone number 22, D2  
preparing to call D4  
AMPS 23, 44, 53, 54  
how to read 44  
D
DC cables  
avoiding excessive lengths 35  
checking diameter and length 46  
correct polarity 316  
guidelines for selecting 312  
minimizing radiated interference 52  
procedure for connecting 314  
recommended diameter and length 312  
DC cabling terminals 24  
INVERTER ON 25, 43  
OVER LOAD 23, 44, 54  
OVER TEMP 23, 44, 54  
VOLTS 23, 317, 44, 53  
input voltage 45  
installation  
codes 32, 311  
materials 32  
depth of discharge (DOD) B5  
overview of steps 33  
planning 34  
tools 32  
inverter  
applications 46  
E
electrolyte level B8  
explosive gases vii, 316, B8  
Index–2  
 
Index  
back panel features described 24  
back panel illustrated 24  
date of purchase D3  
motors 45  
difficulty starting 46  
induction 46  
electrical performance specifications A2  
front panel features described 23  
front panel illustrated 23  
input voltage 45  
mounting location 35, 310  
mounting orientation 310  
operating several loads 42  
physical specifications A2  
power output 45  
problem loads 46  
proof of purchase D2  
purchase date D4  
serial number D3, D4  
trouble loads 46  
mounting location 35  
mounting orientation 310  
National Electrical Code requirements 311  
On/Off switch (front panel)  
illustration and description 23  
using 42  
On/Off switch (remote)  
description 25  
illustrated 25  
installation procedure 310  
mounting template illustrated D5  
operating inverter from 43  
part of materials list 22  
specifications A2  
turning off 42  
turning on 42  
INVERTER ON indicator 25, 43  
J
jack, to connect remote On/Off switch 23  
using 43  
output voltage low 53  
L
loads  
chargers 46  
electronics 46  
fans 46  
high-power consumption 36  
motors 45  
problem 46  
reactive 45  
polarity, correct 36, 37, 316, 53  
polarity, incorrect 54  
power output 45  
power tools, battery-operated viii  
precautions  
resistive 45  
around explosive gas vii  
when using rechargeable appliances viii  
when working with batteries viii  
product information, recording 22  
proof of purchase D2, D4  
pumps 46  
speed controllers 46  
trouble 46  
low battery alarm 45, 53  
M
materials list for PROwatt 1000 22  
purchase date D4  
Index–3  
 
Index  
transfer switch (AC)  
illustrated 39  
in materials list 33  
installing 38  
transfer switching 36  
troubleshooting  
buzz in audio equipment 52  
common problems 52  
reference table 53  
television reception 52  
R
reserve capacity B3  
restart after shutdown 45  
Return Material Authorization number D3  
returning products  
how to package D3  
policy D3  
procedure D3  
S
safety information vii, 32  
serial number D3, D4  
servicing  
no user-serviceable parts vii, 53  
obtaining service 22, D2  
shipping address D3  
shutdown  
V
ventilation vii, viii, 35, 54, B8  
ventilation openings 24, 310, 54  
voltmeter B9  
from AC overload 13, 44  
from high or low voltage 13, 44  
from high temperature 13, 44  
restart after 45  
specifications  
inverter A2  
remote On/Off switch A2  
starting batteries B3  
state of charge B9  
16  
obtaining service D2  
period of coverage D2  
terms and conditions D2  
web site v, 47, C3  
wiring. See AC wiring or DC cables.  
T
television reception 52  
temperature  
email 22, D2  
ideal ambient temperature 35  
reducing ambient temperature 54  
template (remote switch)  
illustrated D5  
fax number 22, D2  
phone number 22, D2  
web site v, 47, C3  
installing 310  
terminal blocks  
AC GND 37  
AC HOT 37  
AC NEUT 37  
for AC wiring 24, 37, 38  
Index–4  
 

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